Herder, Gadamer, and 21st Century Humanities Essay -- Philosophy Relig

One of the anticipations of this Congress, namely, that of all the world's philosophical traditions address the 'problems of human life, civilization, and residence on earth,' cannot be accomplished by insisting upon the means and prescriptions of any one tradition. In this paper I address the theme of the Congress by considering the views of Johann Gottfried Herder and Hans-Georg Gadamer on education and history. In spite of attacks on his religious loyalties, Herder supported what may today be called pluralism. Having studied history and having watched history in the making of one of its darkest moments, Gadamer also saw the future of the humanities in the global conversation. To educate humanity, I conclude, philosophy should first attempt to understand the existential conditions of human life. Ideen is a curious and in some ways contradictory work. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) respects the humanistic ideals of freedom and social improvement and recognizes the teleological and progressive notions of historical development. But he does not confine himself to European history and sources like most others in his time and even after did. He rejected the then prevailing view that there exist some invariant laws or standards of consciousness and behavior that are applicable to all humans at all periods and in terms of which even the past should be judged. On the contrary, he argued that every historical age and culture has its own character and its own value. In Book 14, chapter 6 of Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit (Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind, 1784-91), he likens societies to organisms as they develop in distinctive manner and in response to the combination of environmental condi... ...Gadamer on Education, Poetry, and History. Albany: SUNY Press, 1992, p. xvii (7) Gadamer. Reason in the Age of Science. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 198. p. 92 (8) "Aber fà ¼r die Geisteswissenschaften dà ¼rfte es anders aussehen"—Das Erbe Europas. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1989, P.35 (9) Das Erbe Europas, p. 52: '. . . einer standardisierten weltzivilisation herauffà ¼hren, in der sich die Geschichte des Planeten gleichsam in Idealstatus einer rationalen Weltverwaltung stillstellt -' (10) See: Claude Sumner. The Source of African Philosophy: The Ethiopian Philosophy of Man. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1986. (11) See: Kwame Gyekye. An Essay on African Philosophical Thought: The Akan Conceptual Scheme. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987 (12) See: Paulin Hountondji. African Philosophy: Myth and Reality. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.

Civil Rights Movement Essay

The civil rights movement in the United States was a political, legal, and social struggle that was organized primarily by black Americans with some help from white America. The civil rights struggle was aimed at gaining full citizenship and racial equality for all Americans, particularly the most discriminated group, African Americans, and was first and foremost a challenge to segregation. Segregation was deeply embedded in the South and was used to control blacks since the reconstruction of the South following the American Civil War. During the civil rights movement, individuals and organizations challenged segregation and discrimination by using a number of methods that included protests, marches, boycotts, and refusing segregation laws. Most historians agree that the civil rights movement began with either the Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 or the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965; however, there is a lot of debate on when it began a nd ended. There were civil rights issues well into the 1980s. The main tool of discrimination against blacks in the United States was segregation, often called the Jim Crow system. Segregation became common in the South after the Reconstruction when the Democratic Party had gained control of the South and started to reverse black advances made during reconstruction. Jim Crow laws emerged and effectively segregated every aspect of life for blacks in the South. This segregation included, but was not limited to, separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks, many of which were inferior to white establishments. In theory, the black and white establishments were to be equal. The denial of voting rights, known as disfranchisement, is how the South controlled segregation. Between 1890 and 1910 virtually all the Southern states passed laws imposing requirements for voting that kept the black voter out. Some of these requirements included, the ability to read and write, property ownership, and paying poll taxes; all these tactics were in direct violation of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Blacks were virtually powerless, because they could not vote there was nothing they could do to prevent the segregation of the South. Conditions in the North were slightly better, blacks could vote but there were so few blacks in the North before World War II that their votes barely counted, furthermore, even though segregated facilities in the North did not exist legally, most blacks were denied access to the more affluent facilities. There were civil rights movements prior to the 1960s. The National Afro-American League was formed in 1890 followed by the Niagara Movement in 1905, and then the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909, the NAACP was to have a great impact on the civil rights movement of the 1960s and still continues to exist today. The NAACP became one of the most important organizations that championed civil rights in the twentieth century and relied on a legal strategy that challenged segregation and discrimination against blacks by using the American legal system. There were many cases that the NAACP fought in court that set the precedence for the legal battles during the civil rights movement that would take place twenty to thirty years later. Although the legal battles fought by the NAACP in the 1920s and 1930s did little to change discrimination against blacks they did lay the foundation for a legal and social challenge to the system the South had built. After two world wars and a nationwide depression the civil rights movement that most Americans are familiar with began to emerge. The great depression which devastated the United States in the late 1920s caused a migration of black Americans from the South to other parts of the country, this migration exposed many of them to different views on segregation and discrimination, many of these blacks from the South became the civil rights activist of the 1960s. World War II also caused migrations of large number of blacks within the United States as many blacks found themselves moving up the social ladder as they took over war essential factory jobs. On the other hand, the return of black soldiers that had a new outlook on social and racial equality in the United States most likely was one of the biggest factors that caused the civil rights movements of the 1960s. Not just black Americans were affected by these events; there were many white Americans, even in the South that felt a change was needed. One such white southerner, Harold Fleming wrote: It wasn’t that I came to love Negroes; it was that I came to despise the system that did this. I mean, the nearest thing you could be in the army to being black was to be a company officer with black troops, because you lived and operated under the same circumstances they did, and they got crapped all over . . . You were sort of a second-class officer or a second-class white because of your assignment. Fleming was a conventional white southerner born in Atlanta, Georgia, after he became involved in civil rights issues and according to Fleming, many of his white southern contemporaries would say, â€Å"You ought to know better, being a native-born Georgia white.† With all these factors in place, the civil rights movement in America emerged around the mid 1950s. On 17 May 1954, after hearing arguments on five cases that challenged elementary and secondary school segregation, the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that stated racially segregated education was unconstitutional. Although this was an historic ruling that essentially voided the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of 1896 that established the separate but equal doctrine which was so prevalent in the South. The fundamental problem with the Brown v. Education was that the U.S. Supreme Court did not have a plan to enforce this ruling. The ruling stated that the school cases were class actions and that left the states with the enforcement of this ruling, the court wrote, â€Å"because of the wide applicability of this decision, and because of the great variety of local conditions, the formulation of decrees in these cases presents problems of considerable complexity.† At first white Southerners received this ruling with shock, however, by 1955 white opposition had grown into a massive resistance with organizations like the White Citizens Council; this council called for the economic coercion of blacks and whites who favored integrated schools. Schools in the South remained desegregated; this desegregation became a national issue when the governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus openly defied a federal court order to admit nine black students to a Little Rock high school on 2 September 1957. The media dramatized the seriousness of desegregation by showing the nation pictures of an American high school being patrolled by federal troops so that black students could be protected from angry white mobs. The civil rights movement quickly moved beyond school desegregation to challenge other unjust institutions in the South. It was Rosa Parks, a member of the Montgomery, Alabama NAACP, who refused to give up her seat to a white person on 1 December 1955; the Montgomery bus boycott that brought the city of Montgomery, Alabama to its knees had begun. Parks was arrested and the black community leaders rallied local blacks to protest segregated buses; this local protest evolved into a national boycott that involved support of over 50,000 blacks and lasted over a year and showed the American public the determination of the blacks to end segregation. During the Montgomery bus boycott the most influential civil rights leader emerged; Martin Luther King, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) became, undeniably, the most important figure throughout the civil rights movement. It was King who seemed to have a master plan for the boycott, he emphasized keeping the struggle within the law and advocated nonviolence to achieve the goals of the civil rights movement. During the Montgomery bus boycott, King stated: We are not asking for an end to segregation, that’s a matter for the legislature and the courts. We feel that we have a plan within the law. All we are seeking is justice and fair treatment . . . We don’t like the idea of Negroes having to stand when there are vacant seats. We are demanding justice on that point. King’s and other black leaders along with the protestors of the Montgomery bus boycott hard work eventually paid off, in November 1956, a federal court ordered that Montgomery’s buses desegregate. The Montgomery bus boycott was one of the milestones of the civil rights movement because it established a national civil rights movement that recognized King as the leader and showed that nonviolent protest would work. Four black college students from North Carolina A & T University sat at a white only lunch counter on 1 February 1960 in Greensboro, North Carolina to protest racial segregation; within weeks, these student â€Å"sit-ins† had spread across the South to many cities as a form of protest. In April 1960, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded to help organize and direct the student â€Å"sit-in† movement; SNCC would eventually move into other areas of the civil rights movement. Because SNCC focused on making changes at the local level rather than the national level, many of the accomplishments of this organization did not become nationally known. The â€Å"sit-ins† did make the national news media and it was the New York Times that brought it to a national level. The New York Times published an article that interviewed the store superintendent and the students, the article also told of how white teenagers and Ku Klux Klan (KKK) members tried to bar the way on the fifth day of the Greensboro â€Å"sit-in.† It was the well spoken black student Ezall Blair who told the newspaper on the second day that the students had been â€Å"complacent and fearful† the previous day and that they decided that morning that is was time for black students to â€Å"wake up and change the situation.† By November 1960, one hundred and fifty-five communities across the South had television crews that were filming the demonstrations and the injustice that the students faced, white America, through the use of the mass media was seeing the same scenes over and over and for the first time witnessed segregation in the South; the scenes shown were of students patiently waiting to get served, angry white hecklers, and carloads of students being taken to jail by police. White students joined in, and in the North, many students boycotted the larger stores in the North that had lunch counters in the South, such as Woolworths. The culmination of the â€Å"sit-ins† occurred in Nashville, Tennessee, when, surprisingly, an unlikely ally emerged for the â€Å"sit-ins.† The mayor of Nashville, Ben West, announced that lunch counters in Nashville would not be segregated. When asked why he made that decision, West replied, â€Å"I could not agree that it was morally right for someone to sell them merchandise and refuse them service . . . It was a moral question that a man has to answer, and not a politician.† The â€Å"sit-ins† clearly demonstrated to America that young blacks and whites were determined to reject segregation openly and together. After the â€Å"sit-ins† many of the SNCC members began to participate in freedom rides that started in the summer of 1961, these â€Å"Freedom Riders,† both black and white, traveled the south in buses to test a 1960 Supreme Court decision that stated segregation was illegal in bus stations that were open to interstate travel. These freedom rides were organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and started in Washington, D.C., as the buses moved south more violence was directed towards them. This violence peaked when in Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, buses were burned and the riders beaten. As a result of the freedom rides, the Attorney General’s Office realized that the Supreme Court decision in the Boynton v. Virginia was not enough to end discrimination on the Interstates and bus stations. In November 1963, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the administration of President John Kennedy intervened and regulations were issued. By 1963, the Attorney General was able to say, â€Å"Systematic segregation of Negroes in interstate transportation has disappeared.† While the freedom rides and â€Å"sit-ins† were happening, SCLC leaders, under the guidance of King, were planning a series of protest campaigns that would happen throughout Southern cities, these campaigns were to be highly publicized and were to break the barriers of age, social status, and race. The demonstrations were to be against racial injustice and required the mobilization of thousands of peaceful demonstrators, both black and white, who were willing to participate in protest marches as long as necessary and who were also willing to be arrested and go to jail to achieve their goals. The first direct action protest took place in the spring of 1961 at Albany, Georgia. The presence of King and other SCLC leaders escalated the Albany protests by bringing national attention to Albany, however, after months of protests the police continued to jail protestors without a show of police violence and the protests ended in failure. The protests continued across the South with see mingly little success. In the spring of 1963, SCLC’s direct action protests finally saw success; sadly, this success was at the expense of many protesters of whom some were elementary age school children. After mass demonstrations had been conducted for several days in Birmingham, Alabama, SCLC begin to send children in to the protests, some of them as young as six. The Birmingham police chief, Eugene Connor, jailed thousands of them and provoked the outrage of parents and caused the media to give undivided attention to the Birmingham protest, this is what King needed to be successful. The next day more children marched and Connor reacted with violence; photographs of high pressure fire hoses and police dog attacks released on peaceful demonstrators appeared on national and international media, producing an international outcry. Eventually some protestors began to fight back and the state police were called in, King called for a twenty-four hour truce. The next day, On 9 May 1963, King announce an agreement with some white business leaders of Birmingham; they agreed to the desegregation of some public facilities within ninety days, progress in hiring and promotion, the release of arrested protestors, and a biracial committee. Birmingham mayor, Art Hanes called the white negotiators â€Å"a bunch of quisling, gutless traitors,† King stated that the settlement was â€Å"the most significant victory for justice we’ve ever seen in the Deep South.† The civil rights movement direct action marches, for the most part, ended with the march on Washington D.C. In August 1963, over 200,000 civil rights supporters conducted a peaceful march in Washington, D.C.; it was at this demonstration that King gave his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech.† Because of this march, President Kennedy proposed a new civil rights law; after Kennedy was assassinated, President Lyndon B. Johnson pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress as a tribute to Kennedy. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), SNCC, SCLC, CORE, and NAACP all joined forces in 1964 to work towards establishing voter’s rights for blacks, particularly in the South. Voting rights issues have always been an objective of the civil rights movement, in fact, after the â€Å"sit-ins† and freedom rides, SNCC focused most of their attention on establishing voter’s rights and educating blacks on how to vote. It was most likely the combination of a series of deaths of civil rights workers in the South, and the MFDPs arrival at the Democratic National Convention of 1964 that caused all the different civil rights organizations to work together towards voting rights; It may also have been that simply voter’s rights was the last major obstacle to overcome. It was on 22 August 1964, during the Democratic National Convention, that MFDP member Fannie Lou Hamer, who was from a Mississippi sharecropper family, addressed the nation on national television. Hamer’s sincere and articulate speech made supporters for black voting rights all over the nation. President Johnson, who did not support the MFDP, tried to detract attention from Hamer by conducted a last minute press conference on national television as Hamer was giving her testimony; his ploy did not work. President Johnson recognized the support Hamer was getting and was willing to compromise and recognized the predominately black MFDP. It was the Selma, Alabama march on 7 March 1965 that was the final event to cause the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to happen. SCLC employed direct action techniques in a voting rights protest initiated by SNCC in Selma, when these protest were unsuccessful the protesters began a march to Montgomery, Alabama. As the marchers were leaving Selma, mounted police used tear gas and batons to beat down marchers and others who were not part of the march, this became known as â€Å"Bloody Sunday.† Because the march was televised, the violence shocked many Americans and caused a much-needed national support for a law to protect the Southern blacks’ right to vote. On 15 March 1965, President Johnson announced that he would send a voting rights bill to Congress. In a televised address to a joint session, Johnson spoke on racial injustices and stated, â€Å"Their cause must be our cause, too. Because it’s not just Negroes, but really it’s all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigo! try and injustice,† then he shocked the nation by saying, â€Å"And we shall overcome.† Two days later a voting rights bill went to Congress. On 6 August 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the civil rights movement, according to most historians, ended. Bibliography: Albert, Peter J. and Hoffman, Ronald, eds., We Shall Overcome: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Black Freedom Struggle. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990.

Are Sharpie Tattoos Safe Heres What You Should Know

Have you ever wondered whether its safe to write on yourself with a Sharpie marker or use a Sharpie to make fake tattoos? Would it surprise you to learn some tattoo artists work out a design using Sharpies before inking it? There are different formulations for permanent markers, including Sharpie pens. Some are considered nontoxic and safe for use on skin. Others contain toxic solvents that may cause organ damage from inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.Sharpie Fine Point Markers are the safest pens to use on skin. Even with these pens, its a good idea to avoid writing on the lips or near the eyes.King Size Sharpie, Magnum Sharpie, and Touch-Up Sharpie contain xylene, which is neurotoxic and may damage other organs. Xylene poses a risk via inhalation, ingestion, and absorption across skin and mucous membranes. Writing on skin with these markers isnt recommended.Sharpie ink may be removed with rubbing alcohol. Its better to use ethanol than isopropyl alcohol because its less toxic. Sharpie and Your Skin According to Sharpies blog, markers that bear the ACMI non-toxic seal have been tested and deemed safe for art, even by children, but this does not include body art, such as drawing eyeliner, filling in tattoos or making temporary tattoos. The company does not recommend using the markers on skin. In order to bear the ACMI seal, a product must undergo toxicological testing for the Arts and Creative Materials Institute. The testing is concerned with inhalation and ingestion of the materials and not absorption into the bloodstream, which could occur if chemicals in the marker permeate the skin or enter the body through broken skin. Sharpie Ingredients Sharpie pens may contain n-propanol, n-butanol, diacetone alcohol, and cresol. Although n-propanol is considered safe enough to be used in cosmetics, the other solvents may cause reactions or other health effects. Sharpie Fine Point Markers are considered safe under normal conditions, including inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, and ingestion.Three types of Sharpie markers contain xylene, a chemical capable of causing nervous system and organ damage. Only the King Size Sharpie, Magnum Sharpie, and Touch-Up Sharpie contain this chemical. Inhaling the vapor released by these markers or ingesting their contents can cause injury. However, its not technically correct to call this ink poisoning because the issue is the solvent, not the pigment.Some tattooist use Sharpies to draw designs on the skin, but other professionals warn against using the red markers because the ink sometimes causes problems with the healed tattoos, sometimes long after the tattoo has been inked. Removing a Sharpie Tattoo For the most part, its the solvents in the ink of a Sharpie pen that present a health concern more than the pigments, so once youve drawn on yourself and the ink has dried, there is not a lot more risk from the product. It appears reactions to the pigments are uncommon. The pigment only penetrates the top layers of skin, so the ink will wear off within a few days. If you wish to remove the Sharpie ink rather than let it wear off, you can apply mineral oil (e.g., baby oil) to loosen the pigment molecules. Most of the color will wash away with soap and water once the oil has been applied. Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) will remove Sharpie ink, but alcohols penetrate the skin and may carry undesirable chemicals into the bloodstream. A better choice is grain alcohol (ethanol), such as you might find in hand sanitizer gel. Although ethanol also penetrates intact skin, at least the type of alcohol isnt particularly toxic. Completely avoid using toxic solvents, such as methanol, acetone, benzene, or toluene. They will remove the pigment, but they present a health risk and safer options are readily available. Sharpie Ink Versus Tattoo Ink Sharpie ink rests on the skins surface, so the primary risk comes from solvent getting absorbed into the bloodstream. Tattoo ink, on the other hand, may pose a risk of ink poisoning from both the pigment and the liquid portion of the ink:

Effective Interpersonal Communications Essay - 2806 Words

Effective Interpersonal Communications Christopher Travers COM 200: Interpersonal Communication Instructor: Cassandra Daniel September 30, 2013 Dear Lensie and Christopher, I was thrilled to no end to hear of your engagement. You must be very excited to know that you are going to spend the rest of your lives together with your best friend. In your asking for advice you seek on successful relationships, I would like to offer of different aspects of interpersonal communication, from a c lass I am taking, to help you understand both†¦show more content†¦Just remember to be honest and compassionate when attempting to communicate with each other and without honesty, the trust factor diminishes. Describe the process by which self-concept is developed and maintained. In looking to understand your significant other, you first have to know and understand yourself, as an individual. Take the time to make sure each of you are aware of your own beliefs, and do your best to try and remember that both of you have your own personal identity. â€Å"Your identity is a consistent set of attitudes that defines who you are. If you accept and like yourself, in spite of your faults and failings, you will be more likely to carry a positive attitude into your interpersonal communication with others. If you accept yourself as you are, you will be more likely to accept others as they are.† (Sole, K.(2011)3.5, pp83).That is important if you wish to maintain good interpersonal communication skills with others. Self- identity is what makes you, the individual, so special. Maintaining a positive self-image can result in a higher feeling of self- worth. Self-esteem can be defined by its †Å"two primary components: a sense of self-efficacy or your personal effectiveness and a sense of your personal worth and self-respect.† (Sole, K.(2011)3.5, pp85). By surrounding yourself with people who are positive influences, you stand a better chance of maintaining a positive self-image. â€Å"However, your self-concept,Show MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Effective Interpersonal Communication1037 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of effective interpersonal communication is the numer one compliance tool and resource for law enforcement officers. According to a survey, law enforcement officers spend 80 percent of the time using their interpersonal communications, whether its verbal, face-to -face, on the two way radio, writing reports, notebooks, computers, etc. It can be basically categorized into communicating within the law enforcement environment and communication within the community. Interpersonal communication can beRead MoreEffective Interpersonal Communication1002 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Effective interpersonal communication requires three fundamental skills: being assertive, listening mindfully, and checking perceptions versus reality. Using each of these three skills can help avoid miscommunication and concurrent conflict. Moreover, assertiveness, mindful listening, and checking perceptions all go hand-in-hand. For example, being assertive means speaking mindfully and truthfully which makes it more possible to listen mindfully and truthfully too. Listening mindfully, and communicatingRead MoreEffective Communic ation And Interpersonal Communication Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesSole). Effective communication can be measured by the ability to transfer a message from a sender to receiver and successfully have it decoded as intended. Interpersonal communications include many factors, elements and strategies. This paper will address five learning outcomes and demonstrate how these ideas can be utilized to help people increase their communication competence and improve personal and professional relationships in the work place. Principles of and barriers to effective interpersonalRead MoreCommunication : Effective Interpersonal Communication1223 Words   |  5 PagesInterpersonal communications The work of the health care professional is improved by effective interpersonal communication. Through this 800 word essay I aim to evaluate, explain and analyse effective interpersonal communication in the health care profession, how it can be improved and the positives of communication on a personal level. 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(2010), stated that interpersonal communication is, â€Å"The process through which people create and manage their relationships, exercising mutual responsibility in creating meaning.† (p. 5). To be an effective communicator, it is vital that the person possesses and practices effective interpersonal skills. Over this semester, important interpersonal skills have been developed through a series of six workshops and assessed in two pieces of assessmentRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Is An Effective Communicator1574 Words   |  7 PagesVerderber, K, Verderber, R and Berryman-Fink, C. 2010, stated that interpersonal communication is, â€Å"The process through which people create and manage their relati onships, exercising mutual responsibility in creating meaning.† (Pg. 5) To be an effective communicator, it is vital that the person possesses and practices effective interpersonal/communicational skills. Over this semester, important interpersonal skills have been developed through a series of six workshops and assessed in two piecesRead MoreEffective Communication And Interpersonal Skills942 Words   |  4 Pagesability to influence others, through effective communication and interpersonal skills† (American Sentinel University). Commonly, directors and senior nurse managers are confined to a different schedule than bedside nurses; working outside of clinical practice and patient interaction and focusing primarily on addressing organizational issues, increasing morale and productivity among staff all while increasing the quality of patient care. Effective communication and the ability to influence is realisticallyRead MoreEffective Interpersonal Relations : Effective Communication1908 Words   |  8 PagesEffective Interpersonal Relations Interaction with people in the workplace can be challenging and frustrating. Technology has changed the way we communicate with one another; for instance, email is a preferred method of communication compared to an in person meeting. This way of communication can create problems and tension among employees. One’s perception of the message becomes reality, causing lack of communication and for the message to be lost in translation. It is crucial to develop listeningRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Interpersonal Communication Skills1264 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is a fundamental skill that nurses use every day to interact and communicate. These skills include clinical empathy towards patients, diverse cultural understanding, non-verbal communication and skills used to communicate with deaf patients. This paper will discuss why it is important for nurses to use effective interpersonal communication skills and tips to overcome elderspeak to help minimiz e patient complains within the healthcare practice. To create a healthy nurse

Business Continuity Plan as a Part of Risk Management

1 CONTENTS STRESZCZENIE .........................................................4 ABSTRACT ..................................................................6 INTRODUCTION ........................................................7 CHAPTER 1 RISK MANAGEMENT ............................................................8 1.1 The Definition of Risk ............................................................... 8 1.2 Risk in Business Activity......................................................... 10 1.2.1 Types of Risk ..................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Methods of Risk Evaluation............................................................... 11 1.2.2.1 Quantitative Risk†¦show more content†¦RozdziaÅ‚ pierwszy zawiera ogà ³lne wprowadzenie do zagadnienia zarzÄ…dzania ryzykiem. Przedstawia on definicjÄ™ ryzyka w sensie, w jakim jest ono rozumiane w niniejszej pracy. Ponadto, znajduje siÄ™ w nim opis wielorakich zagroÃ…Å"eÅ„, ktà ³re sÄ… zwiÄ…zane z funkcjonowaniem przedsiÄ™biorstwa, a takÃ…Å"e lista metod sÅ‚uÃ…Å"Ä…cych do pomiaru ryzyka oraz opis przykÅ‚adowych postaw, jakie sÄ… przybierane wobec zagroÃ…Å"eÅ„. W rozdziale drugim zaprezentowano pojÄ™cie ZarzÄ…dzania CiÄ…gÅ‚oÅ›ciÄ… Funkcjonowania PrzedsiÄ™biorstwa. Znajduje siÄ™ tu charakterystyka ewolucji tego zagadnienia oraz wyjaÅ›nienie, dlaczego Plan CiÄ…gÅ‚oÅ›ci Funkcjonowania PrzedsiÄ™biorstwa jest dokumentem o ogromnym znaczeniu dla firmy i jej interesariuszy. Ponadto, w rozdziale tym poddano dyskusji pewne szeroko rozpowszechnione mity dotyczÄ…ce ZarzÄ…dzania CiÄ…gÅ‚oÅ›ciÄ… Fukncjonowania PrzedsiÄ™biorstwa. Ta część pracy koÅ„czy siÄ™ opisem Analizy WpÅ‚ywu na Przedsiebiorstwo jako gÅ‚Ã ³wnego narzedzia, ktà ³rym posÅ‚uguje siÄ™ opisywany typ zarzÄ…dzania. W rozdziale trzecim przedstawiono rezultaty dokonanej przez autorkÄ™ analizy rà ³Ã…Å"nych Planà ³w CiÄ…gÅ‚oÅ›ci Funkcjonowania PrzedsiÄ™biorstwa i ich szablonà ³w. To studium byÅ‚o podstawÄ… do zaprezentowania przykÅ‚adowej struktury Planu oraz opisu najczęściej spotykanych w nim bÅ‚Ä™dà ³w. Ostatni rozdziaÅ‚ zawieraShow MoreRelatednt2580 lab 6 Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesPerform Business Continuity Plan Implementation Planning Course Name Number: ______________________________________________________________ Student Name: _______________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: _____________________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: _______________________________________________________________________ Overview The instructor will lead the class in discussions pertaining to a business continuity planRead MoreBusiness Continuity And Risk Management1593 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Continuity (BC) and Risk Management (RM) are closely intertwined in both the policies, procedures, and maintenance of most businesses. They’ve become necessary for providing the guidelines on maintaining functionality regardless of any threats or events that may disrupt services. 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Physical Therapy And Mental Therapy Example For Students

Physical Therapy And Mental Therapy Can you imagine being in pain every day doing daily activities that have to be done? Your stiff joints, sore muscles, and injured limbs keep you from enjoying life. Physical therapy can be the answer to cure those problems. Physical Therapists, â€Å"are trained in movement and movement disorders and are considered specialists in musculoskeletal function† (Adams). Physical therapists examine patients to diagnosis possible injuries where pain is occurring and create plans to get them returning to activity. Physical therapy will help improve mobility, balance, and is a way to avoid surgery. It is the cost-effective way to go and will help speed up recovery and prevent future injuries to. Physical therapy is a beneficial part of the health field. Once the physical therapists have diagnosed the injury, they design rehabilitation programs for their patients. Physical therapy will help patients recover after surgery. MoveForwardPT, approved by The American Physical Therapy Association, wrote about benefits of physical therapy and how physical therapists play a role in recovery. After injuries, â€Å"treatment plans can be designed for the patient s individual goals, challenges, and needs. Receiving treatment by a physical therapist is rarely a passive activity, and participating in your own recovery can be empowering† (Benefits). Plans with exercises are made for patients after surgery or when going to physical therapy. The rehabilitation plans give patients exercises to do at home when not at physical therapy. Most plans are made to be done two-three times a week depending on if it is for strengthening or increase mobility. Physical therapists â€Å"determines the patient’s goals; evaluates patients and implement s treatment programs; teaches patients to use prosthetic devices; and provides instruction to patients to continue the recovery when they are no longer under the direct care of the physical therapist† (Blaser). Physical therapists are there as a guide to getting patients healthy again and back to doing activities they were doing before surgery or their injury. Physical therapist set goals that can be achieved by the patient and each week when they return a new goal is set, so in the end the goal of getting back to daily activity can be achieved. Patients who stick to their plan and make it habitual will see the quickest results and will feel accomplished because they are helping themselves recover. They are getting better each day and they can see the progress. Rehabilitation programs are made for patients by physical therapists. One benefit of physical therapy is to help reduce pain from an injury. Physical therapists use many different techniques to help cure the pain of a patient. WebMD published an article written by Healthwise about what a physical therapist’s job is and when it is beneficial. A physical therapist’s job is to â€Å"help you reduce pain in the soft tissues (muscles, tendons, and ligaments)† (Healthwise). Larry Blaser from the Gale Encyclopedia claims the goal of physical therapy, â€Å"is not necessarily to restore normality but to allow the patient to return to a comfortable and productive life even if the problem persists† (Blaser). Physical therapists treat many different injuries. Patients coming to physical therapy usually have pain and discomfort when performing daily tasks. Physical therapist will help reduce the pain and make patients capable of doing daily activities. To help reduce pain, physical therapists perform various exercises. Physical therapis ts also use heat and cold therapy to help reduce pain (Blaser). Heat therapy helps reduce the swelling by using a heating pad. Cold therapy helps reduce inflammation. Both swelling and inflammation causes discomfort and pain to patients. Reducing swelling and inflammation allows patients to be able to move their injured limb and begin to apply pressure; helping return them to daily activities. The Insider EssayJane Brody wrote an article published in the New York Times in 2005 about what good therapy does for recovery. Studies have shown that â€Å"getting physical therapy early on can result in faster recovery and prevent costlier treatment later† (Brody). An athlete who badly sprains their ankle or someone who suffers from shoulder pain might think it is best to tough it out. Often the injuries can be worse than expected and will leave the athlete out longer than they wanted to be and possibly could require surgery. Getting physical therapy can reduce the time to recover from an injury and will help prevent the injury from getting worse. Pushing off injuries only lead to the injury getting worse. If athletes continue to practice on a badly sprained ankle, they could end up tearing something, which could result in surgery. Physical therapy will help strengthen an athlete’s injured limb back up to par so they can be ready to compete. Athletes do not want to be out of their sport more than they have to, so by going to physical therapy it can increase your recovery time and allows athletes to quickly return to their sports. The health field benefits from physical therapy. Physical therapy helps patients reduce the pain they are experiencing. A way physical therapy will help reduce pain is that physical therapist will put together rehabilitation plans for the patient. Also, plans can be put together for patients after surgery. Physical therapy will help improve mobility so a patient is able to move more freely. A cost effect way to avoid surgery is to go to physical therapy. Physical therapy helps speed up recovery time and prevent future injuries from happening. By going to physical therapy your life doesn’t have to be filled with pain. You can be back out moving and feeling better than ever in no time with the help of physical therapy.

Sustainability of the Health System Maintain a Safe Workplace

Question: Discuss about theSustainability of the Health Systemfor Maintain a Safe Workplace. Answer: Introduction: The government of Australia is very strict about ensuring safety and health of the people. Thus any industry right from the risky atmosphere where work goes on in high temperature to places which are having a more comfortable and cleaner ambience all are expected to abide by the requirements of the WHS standards. In this case the place of work is in the hospitality sector which has a more comfortable and convenient set up. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the extent to which this hotels plan given in Resource 5.4 is secure and some general comments on the WHS aspects in the hospitality industry(Boxall, 2011). It may be added here that when a place is safe people are more confident of visiting these places and therefore a review of the safety aspect is of vital importance in the Hospitality industry. Discussion: The layout of the drawing provided may be evaluated for the following: Areas that may not be Legally Compliant: A closer look at the drawing reveals that the dining and the meeting areas are connected to the outside only by one door. There does not appear to be provided with any direct approach to the outside through any other means of escape. Again the Dining area is split into two parts this would mean an additional travel for the service staff with the weight that they have to carry from the kitchen or pantry. This is a potential health hazard. The Dining area should have been placed close to the place where the pantry is located and thus is an area of concern. Security Issues in an Emergency Situation: In case of an emergency situation like fire or some other undesirable situation when it may force the people to leave the space in a hurry the problem of smooth exit is apparently compromised. The only exit and entry door placed in the front is quite a distance away and hence thus may lead to a stampede. Again the kitchen is a place where naked flames are to be found and may often be the source of the fire is also not provided with any exit facilities in case any such need surfaces accidentally. The kitchen staff will have to wait for the entire hall to be evacuated and emptied before they can find their way out. This is a very grave cause for concern. Whenever any emergency situation arises the people who are present need to be put into safer areas at the earliest i.e. before they are exposed to the hazards of the emergency. When the government means people it means not only the guests but also the people who are working in the area. Especially during an incidence of fire it is nece ssary to ensure that the minimum damage is done to the lives of the people who are present. Thus more openings straight into the area outside are necessary to be provided especially the kitchen staff(Nationalsecurity, 2016). Another category of emergency can be some kind of man-made disaster like some gun man trying to kill people. In such circumstances it is necessary that the occupants get the required help from the police for which one opening is not enough. The security and police personnel should be able to storm inside from various entry points to render effective service. Paucity of openings is a certain disadvantage. While the importance of the Fire Brigade is never to be underestimated yet the supervisory level of people must be trained up in handling the situation of a fire or any other untoward incident. This is the basic intention of the government that the people of the hotel present on duty are trained to handle the situation which means that they will certainly not replace the fire fighters but then their duty is to ensure that the people are moved to safety and the required steps of cooperating with the fire fighters are initiated. Locations of Firefighting Equipment, Emergency Escape Routes and Assembly Areas: In order to ensure that minimum harm is done to their people (their employees as well as their guests) it is necessary that the fire-fighting equipments are strategically placed to mitigate the effect of any fire situation. The fire-fighting equipments should be placed in locations which are in clear view of the people inside. This may make the internal decorations slightly messy but then this is a safety issue and hence the government rule does not permit that to be compromised with. Not only these should be in clear view but the operating instructions have to be clearly provided by the side of each fire extinguisher or any such equipment that may be necessary. Incidentally, there are two types of fire extinguishers which need to be in easy reach. The first is the water jet with Carbon Dioxide mixture and the second type is the Foam type fire extinguishers which would be used for electrical appliances where the cutting off the supply of Oxygen is of primary importance. Since there is a bar and restaurant with Kitchen there is every possibility that fires are caused either by naked flames or by electrical short circuits. Hence both the foam type as well as water jet with Carbon Dioxide should be made available. Further the locations of these fire fighting equipments should be near about the centre of the floor so that people trapped inside can use them from inside so as to minimize the damage caused by the fire(Norman, 2012). Next is the case of some workman meeting with an accident since most of the activities are manual in nature. In such cases also where an accident victim cannot be given due attention and there is a delay then also this is very seriously viewed by the authorities. Therefore provision is required to be kept for quickly moving out of the premises at a short notice and with minimum dislocation of other activities. Therefore more openings leading outside the building need to be provided for in this plan(Planning, 2015). Fire Safety Regulations and Industry Standards: Safe Work Australia along with Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) are agencies in Australia who are available in each state or territory who are responsible for enforcing and 9mplementinh the relevant laws, regulations and acts pertaining to health and safety of the people working in any premises. Fire Order Procedures and Policy: The fire order procedure states that no organization will introduce any inflammable article into a confined space which may become a potential fire hazard. Again all electrical installations must be ensured to be fully protected against fire hazard(Kwok, 2013). Emergency Evacuation: In the event of a fire breaking out there must be provisions in the work area to not only get help in fire fighting and rescue easily but the installation must have sufficient facilities for people to move out fast through specially provided outlets and emergency doors all over the area. Staff Roles and Responsibilities in a Fire: Fire need not always be due to some unavoidable failures of equipments. There may be cases of ignorant handling which may lead to a fire. Thus it is very essential that people are trained to work in a safe manner and the supervisors must have the capability of correcting any person who may be jeopardizing the fire safety rules(Carmichael, 2015). Employees must be trained at using both types of extinguishers e.g. Foam Type as well as water jet type and they should invariably check periodically the validity dates of these extinguishers. They will also be trained in finding quickly the cause of the fire and use the appropriate fire extinguisher. A hazard management procedure is required to be evolved and implemented in which each supervisor has to give a certificate every week that all the fire extinguishers are within the validity period. The following form will help: Extinguisher No Located at Validity date Checked on Remarks Recommendation: The only recommendation which can be made by looking at the plan provided is that they should provide more exits points for use during emergency especially in their Kitchen and Bar where the chances of fire is higher. Generically speaking the safety audit under the guidance of WHS authorities is the only way all areas are made safe. The training of the people in this regard needs to be done inder their guidance. Besides the training of the people another important aspect is the documentation of the procedure of operation so that all the safety issues are addressed to the full compliance of the existing regulations. The data available in the case does not illustrate the safety and health issues related to the operation. Their safety is of primary concern if the organization wants to work in Australia. Conclusion: It is needless to say that any organization which does not abide by the regulations of WHS is going to pay up dearly for this lapse. The government is very serious and imposes formidable penalties for negligence in this area. References: Boxall, A.-m., 2011. What are we doing to ensure the sustainability of the health system? [Online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1112/12rp04 [Accessed 29 October 2016]. Carmichael, J., 2015. Australian Standards for fire protection. [Online] Available at: https://fireextinguishersales.com.au/australianstandards.htm [Accessed 29 October 2016]. Kwok, G., 2013. Keeping on top of fire safety regulations and standards. [Online] Available at: https://www.safetysolutions.net.au/content/fire/article/keeping-on-top-of-fire-safety-regulations-and-standards-695636816 [Accessed 29 October 2016]. Nationalsecurity, 2016. National security agencies. [Online] Available at: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/WhatAustraliaisdoing/Pages/NationalSecurityAgencies.aspx [Accessed 29 October 2016]. Norman, J., 2012. Report identifies major firefighting issues. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-26/report-identifies-major-firefighting-issues/4393570 [Accessed 29 October 2016]. Planning, 2015. Guidelines for Planning in Bushfire Prone Areas. [Online] Available at: https://www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/Bushfire_GuidelinesText.pdf [Accessed 29 October 2016].